Flocculation and coalescence of oilinwarer emulsions. Flocculation process during which particles, for example, of a soil, dispersed in a solution contact and adhere each another, forming clusters, flocks, flakes, or clumps of a larger size. Coagulation and flocculation occurs in successive steps, allowing particle collision and growth of floc. Flotation and flocculation from fundamentals to applications.
Flotation and flocculation underpin the key material supply chains for technologies that are central to minerals, fuel cells, ceramics, telecommunications, waste removalrecycling processes and many other. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation youtube. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment bratby, john on. Jar test apparatus was used to perform the coagulation. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification.
Coagulants and polymers the coagulation process includes using primary coagulants and may include the addition of coagulant and or filter aids. Coagulation or flocculation or precipitation, chemistry. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation processes and selection of the coagulants depend upon. As a result, they stay dispersed and dissolved or coagulation process colloidal in the water. May 03, 2012 coagulation and flocculation free download as powerpoint presentation.
Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. What is the difference between denaturation, coagulation. Measurement tools for coagulation and flocculation. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation. During coagulation, the coagulantalum are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles. The difference between c2 and c3 is that the final state of c3 is a stable equilibrium while c2 does not reach a stable. Evaluation and optimization of enhanced coagulation process. During coagulation, cations are added as coagulants at corresponding ph and dosage to treat water, thus, disturbing existing stability due to the repulsive forces between the negatively charged colloidal particles in water 6. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation coalescence. The significance of coagulation flocculation in the area of water and wastewater. Introduction the need to clarify water aesthetics and health colloids impart color and turbidity to water aesthetical acceptability microbes are colloids too 042716 water treatment 2. Difference between coagulation and flocculation coagulation.
It allows a strict control on the stirring of several beakers at the same time generally 6 and permits the comparison of the efficiency of several products or of the. Coagulation, flocculation and agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion. Often the terms coagulation and flocculation are used synonymously inspite of existing a subtle difference between the two 1,3. Chemical sequence the addition of multiple chemicals to improve flocculation is common practice. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. For biomass, a difference between the averages was only obtained for nitrate, which was 800 mgl as the ideal concentration of biomass. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Coagulation and flocculation are designed to remove infectious agents, remove toxic compounds that have adsorbed to the surface of particles, remove precursors to the formation of disinfection byproducts, and make the water palatable. This step typically uses the difference in density between the water and the suspended material for separation. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation free download as word doc. Evaluation of chemical coagulationflocculation aids for the removal. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation vidyamitra.
Differences in the settling velocities cause the particles to collide and flocculate. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. They are typically used for treatment of wastewater containing colloids suspended particles and metal ions. When applying high concentrations of biomass 1200 mgl, the results are unsatisfactory for coagulation flocculation. Once the ph adjusted, the same treatment of coagulation as above was used and initial and final absorbance and turbidity were measured.
Safe drinking water is essential coagulationflocculation. Coagulation refers to clotting of the blood and forming clots or large clumps. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. In biochemistry, denaturation is the abolishing of the properties of a molecule. Mar 31, 2016 weikipedia on coagulation and flocculation 4. So treatment involving coagulation and flocculation is typical of surface water.
Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. If the turbidity and colour of the raw water are not much higher than is permissible for drinking water, it should be possible to avoid chemical coagulation in the treatment of the water. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Coagulation is achieved by neutralizing the particles and thus, the repelling force between the particles is greatly reduced. Comparison between coagulation flocculation and ozoneflotation for scenedesmus microalgal biomolecule recovery and nutrient removal from wastewater in a highrate algal. Coagulation is the step where colloidal par ticles similar t o spheres of a diameter of less than 1 micrometer are destabilized. Flocculation and coalescence of oilinwarer emulsions volume 248 j.
Correct application of coagulation and flocculation processes and selection of the. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. After employing the flocculation process, the coagulated particles form a large agglomeration, which is also known as. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. It is specific to each application and is dependent upon the sample, the coagulation and flocculation agents used, the desired clarity of the water, and the waters end use. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Chapter 3c water treatment coagulation and flocculation. Comparison between coagulation flocculation and ozoneflotation for scenedesmus microalgal biomolecule recovery and nutrient removal. By enhanced coagulation and flocculation, thereby improving the removal effect of. The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible.
Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. What is the exact differences between coagulation and. Principlea and design, mwh2005, isbn 04710110183 5. When the pressure difference between filter inlet and outlet increases by 5 10. Application of coagulationflocculation process of dairy. The optimum ph for the coagulation and flocculation process must be determined experimentally. Global process chemicals for water treatment market industry trends and forecast to 2026 global process chemicals for water treatment market is expected to rise to an estimated value of usd 10. Increasing viability and decreasing treatment costs for biofuel production, energy is. Jul 25, 2018 coagulation, flocculation and precipitation vidyamitra. Analysis of variance anova showed a significant difference between the.
The processes of flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration should be used with coagulation to reduce suspended solids and turbidity. Coagulation and flocculation water purification physical. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste. On the other hand, the process of forming larger agglomerates of particles in suspension or. The difference between the two is an order of magnitude, so it can be considered that. The process of coagulation and flocculation is one of the most important operations among the water clarification process, but its efficiency is influenced by coagulant dosage which is done by the. The efficiency of coagulation flocculation strongly affects the overall treatment performance. It is a convenient reference handbook providing numerous examples and appended information and it is a vital text for course material for. An evaluation of two commonly used coagulationflocculation aids alum and ferric chloride was.
The terms coagulation and flocculation are two separate processes, contrary to common usage. However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system. Flotation and flocculation deals with cuttingedge research in the science and engineering of two of the worlds key separation processes. The results showed that the removal of turbidity was up to 99 % by both alum and chitin at. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a readable and useful resource for the water scientist and engineer. Pdf comparison between coagulationflocculation and.
What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation what is the difference between coagulation and flocculation coagulation mostly happen in. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. If destabilisation is induced through charge neutralisation by addition of inorganic chemicals, the process is called coagulation. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles. But the phenomena are also wellknown from everyday life especially coagulation. View test prep what is the difference between coagulation and flocculation from civil engi vdb 2023 at petronas technology university. The effect of fast mixing conditions on the coagulation. Coagulation and flocculation coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a flocforming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slowsettling suspended solids to produce a rapidsettling floc. The term originates from the word floc, which is the flake of precipitate that comes out of solution. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. Apr 21, 2007 coagulation refers to clotting of the blood and forming clots or large clumps. In electrophoresis the colloidal particles move towards oppositely charged electrode.
The coagulation of the lyophobic sols can be carried out by following methods. Analysis and optimization of coagulation and flocculation process. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and. Coagulation and flocculation are wellknown techniques within wastewater treatment. The key difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment is that the coagulation is a chemical process while flocculation is a physical process.
Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Ppt coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. The art of flocculation and coagulation has a lot more science than meets the eye. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation is a process of making colloidal matter dispersedsuspended in a liquid to join in a coherent mass. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulation flocculation sedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. This volume details the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of surfactants and polymers on solids, as well as coagulation and flocculation mechanisms demonstrating the applicability of the newest theoretical approaches on practical systemswritten by over 15 international experts in the field, coagulation and flocculation. Flocculation has a precise meaning in water engineering. Coagulation or flocculation or precipitation the phenomenon of the precipitation of a colloidal solution by the addition of the excess of an electrolyte is called coagulation or flocculation. Dec 10, 2017 key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Thus, coagulation and flocculation techniques are employed for separating these impurities from water.
Addition of positively charged particles in the coagulation process is aimed to destabilizing the colloids. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in the treatment of most surface. Comparison of alum and ferric chloride on the percent removal of. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Nov 09, 2018 coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. Removal of turbidity by coagulation depends on the type of colloids in suspension, the temperature, ph, chemical. Comparator for the evaluation of floc size index in coagulation tests. During flocculation, a process of gentle mixing brings the fine particles formed by coagulation into contact with each other. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater.
Water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water. Coagulation and flocculation involves the removal of suspended solids and turbidity from water to prepare it for use or for further treatment. The prothrombin time pt and activated partial thromboplastin time aptt only test the coagulation protein. Pdf the aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulation flocculation.
The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density. There is presently no laboratory or nearpatient test capable of reproducing the complex regulated interaction between these four compartments. Coagulation flocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. According to the results, the use of coagulation and flocculation process combined with chemical. The difference between these two categories is as follows. This technique is used in treating wastewater, both industrial and treated sewage, from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Comparison between coagulationflocculation and ozone.
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